In prior grades students learned how to simplify and analyze complex situations by thinking about them as systems. In grades 9-12 students learn to construct more sophisticated system models, including the concept of feedback

In prior grades students learned how to simplify and analyze complex situations by thinking about them as systems. In grades 9-12 students learn to construct more sophisticated system models, including the concept of feedback. Students are expected to determine whether or not systems analysis will be helpful in a given situation and if so, to describe the system, including subsystems, boundaries, flows, and feedbacks. The next step is to use the system as a dynamic model to predict changes. Students are also expected to recognize that even the most sophisticated models may not accurately predict how the real world functions. This deep understanding of systems and ability to use systems analysis is an essential tool both for scientific inquiry and for technological design.