C.PM.CE.2.1

In the physical science syllabus, elements are placed in order of increasing atomic number in the periodic table such that elements with similar properties are placed in the same column. How the periodic table is divided into groups, families, periods, metals, nonmetals and metalloids also was in the physical science syllabus. In chemistry, with more information about the electron configuration of elements, similarities in the configuration of the valence electrons for a particular group can be observed. The electron configuration of an atom can be written from the position on the periodic table. The repeating pattern in the electron configurations for elements on the periodic table explain many of the trends in the properties observed. Atomic theory and bonding must be used to explain trends in properties across periods or down columns including atomic radii, ionic radii, first ionization energies, electronegativities and whether the element is a solid or gas at room temperature. Additional ionization energies, electron affinities and periodic properties of the transition elements, lanthanide and actinide series is reserved for more advanced study.