MS-PS1-6

Emphasis is on the design, controlling the transfer of energy to the environment, and modification of a device using factors such as type and concentration of a substance. Examples of designs could involve chemical reactions such as dissolving ammonium chloride or calcium chloride.

Apply scientific principles to design, construct, and test a device that either minimizes or maximizes thermal energy transfer.

Define a problem that addresses a need and identify science principles that may be related to possible solutions.

Organize and display relevant data, construct an evidence-based explanation of the results of an investigation, and communicate the conclusions.

Design, construct, and test a possible solution to a defined problem using appropriate tools and materials. Evaluate proposed engineering design solutions to the defined problem.

Describe examples of how engineers have created inventions that address human needs and aspirations.

Design an object, tool, or process that minimizes or maximizes heat energy transfer. Identify criteria and constraints, develop a prototype for iterative testing, analyze data from testing, and propose modifications for optimizing the design solution. Emphasize demonstrating how the structure of differing materials allows them to function as either conductors or insulators.

Undertake a design project to construct, test, and modify a device that either releases or absorbs thermal energy by chemical processes.

Undertake a design project to construct, test, and modify a device that either releases or absorbs thermal energy by chemical processes.

Plan and conduct an experiment involving exothermic and endothermic chemical reactions to measure and describe the release or absorption of thermal energy.

Construct, test, and modify a device that either releases or absorbs thermal energy by chemical processes.