About This Lesson
Subjects
- Science
- Engineering
- Math
Time
- 30-45 minutes
Skills
- Design Thinking
- 2D Design
- 3D Design
- Construction
Learning Objective/Goal:
- Understand the basic components and structure of DNA.
- Create a simple model of DNA using everyday objects.
- Learn how DNA contains genetic information.
- Develop an appreciation for the complexity of biological structures.
Materials Needed:
- Backbone materials Licorice sticks, pipe cleaners, straws, or any other flexible, straight objects.
- Base pair materials: Colored marshmallows, gummy candies, beads, buttons - at least 4 colors
- Connecting materials: Toothpicks, small sticks, or pieces of wire.
Background
- DNA, or deoxyribonucleic acid, is the molecule that carries the genetic instructions for life. It comprises two strands forming a double helix, each strand made of sugar and phosphate molecules and nitrogenous bases pairing in the center. This lesson provides students with a hands-on activity to model DNA, making abstract concepts tangible and engaging while fostering a deeper appreciation for the complexity and beauty of life at the molecular level.
Activity:
Introduction (10 minutes)
- Introduce DNA, explaining that it is the blueprint of life, containing instructions for building and maintaining an organism.
- Use a large poster, digital image, or presentation of the DNA double helix.
- Explain the base pairs (adenine-thymine, cytosine-guanine) using color codes that will be used in the activity.
Making Models (40 minutes)
- Give each student a paper plate or cardboard base and let them choose from the available materials for their DNA model.
- Instruct students to use their chosen flexible objects (e.g., licorice, pipe cleaners, straws) to lay out two parallel lines on their work surfaces.
- Students will use their chosen connectors (e.g., toothpicks, small sticks) and base pair materials (e.g., candies, beads) to connect the backbones, following the base pairing rules.
- Attach the base pairs to the backbones to form a double helix structure. Use additional support materials if needed.
- Have students label the components of their DNA models using small pieces of paper or sticky notes.
Discussion and Conclusion (10 minutes)
- Group Discussion: Ask students to share their models and explain the base pairs they used.
- Reinforce Learning: Discuss why the base pairs are specific and how this relates to genetic coding.
- Q&A Session: Allow students to ask questions and clarify any doubts about DNA structure.\
Extra
Tips for Students:
- Be gentle with the materials you are given - you may not get more
- Carefully make sure each base pair is matched to the correct color
- Try not to make a mess
Tips for Teachers:
- Ensure Students are being safe if using small, sharp objects
- Be careful of dietary restrictions if using food or candy
- Display pictures/models of DNA during the activity for students
Extensions:
- Have the students stand their models up and twist them, creating a double helix shape
- Have students create one strand and switch with a partner to create the complementary strand. Periodically walk through and check their work
Further Information
